Mini project ideas

Here, I'm going to share some mini project ideas under different platforms or frameworks.

ASP.NET MINI PROJECTS:

Online shopping website
Hotel/restaurent  food order systems
Payroll system
Digital document management system
E-blogs
Expert system data entry
Fetching host system name and IP address
Car rental website code


VB.NET MINI PROJECTS:
Financial management system
Greatest shutdown manager
LAN messenger
Cricket project
Notepad clone
Multiple company payroll system
ATM management system
Appointments calendar
Data transfer system

JAVA MINI PROJECTS:
Scrabble game source code
Facebook like chat application project
Bank account monitoring
Airline booking system
Students website code
Puzzle games

C/C++ MINI PROJECTS:
Wireless patient pulse rate and temperature system
Simple search engine using c or c++
Student report card system
Snake and ladder games
Result management

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Oops with c+

Constructors:
       Constructors are the special functions that has the same name as that of class.They are used to initialize the class objects.When an object is created,the constructor function begins to be executed.
There is no need to call the function.

Syntax:

class_name()

         {
         
               //Body of constructor
          }


Types of constructors:

• Default constructors
• Parameterised constructor

•  Copy constructor

Default constructor:

The constructor which doesn't have any arguments is called as default constructor.
Example:

sample()
{

}
Parameterised constructor:

The constructor which has arguments is called as parameterised constructor.A call to such a constructor can be done by creating objects with some values.

Example:

sample(int x,int y)
{


}

Copy constructor:
  A copy  constructor can be identified by ampersand symbol.

Syntax:
Class_name(class_name &obj)
{
       //body of constructor
}
Example:
sample(sample &s)
{

         //Body of constructor
}

Sample program to illustrate different types of constructors:

#include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>
class sample
{
     private:
          int a,b;
     public:
            /*Default constructor*/
             sample()
             {
                 a=0;
                 b=0;
              }
              /*Parameterised constructor*/
              sample(int x,int y)
              {
                     a=x;
                     b=y;
              }

};
void main()
{
    sample s(10,20);
    int c;
   c=a+b;
   cout<<"The addition is"<<c;
   getch();
}

Sample output:
The addition is 30


 
 

Oops with c++

Functions:

Functions are generally the building blocks of a program.The starting point to any function is the main.A normal function can have three parts namely

• Declaration section
• Definition section 

• Calling section

General syntax:
   <data_type><function_name><arguments>
Example:
  void fun() 
 Declaration section:

            Declaration section of a function is optional.(i.e)The user can declare the function in a class and define it in outside the class, or the user can directly define the function inside the class itself.

Example:

class sample

           {
                   private:
                        int num;
                   public:
                    /* Declaration part*/
                           void getdata();
                           void showdata();
           } 
Definition section:

A function can be defined either inside or outside the class.when a function declared inside a class, it must defined using a scope resolution operator.This operator reveals the scope of a variable or a function.

Example 1:

class sample

          {
                   private:
                           int age;
                   public:
                          void getdata()
                          {
                                cout<<"enter age":
                                cin>>data;
                            }
                            void showdata()
                             {
                                    cout<<"AGE:"<<age;
                              }
               };
Example 2:
                class sample
                {
                        private:
                                   int age;
                        public:
                               /*Declaring the function*/
                                void getdata();
                                void showdata();
                 };
                 /*Defining the function outside the class*/
                void sample::getdata()
                {
                      cout<<"enter age";
                      cin>>age;
                 }
                void sample::showdata()
                {
                    cout<<"age:"<<age;
                 }        
Calling functions:
When the function declared and defined,it must be called in main function,otherwise the function will not be executed.
Example:

 class sample
                {
                        private:
                                   int age;
                        public:
                               /*Declaring the function*/
                                void getdata();
                                void showdata();
                 };
                 /*Defining the function outside the class*/
                void sample::getdata()
                {
                      cout<<"enter age";
                      cin>>age;
                 }
                void sample::showdata()
                {
                    cout<<"age:"<<age;
                 }        

                           void main()
                           {
                                  /*object declaration*/
                                  sample s;
                                  /*calling function*/
                                   s.getdata();
                                   s.showdata();
                            }
Various types of functions:

• Passing nothing and returning nothing 

•  Passing parameters and returning nothing
• Passing parameters and returning something

Parameters are something that is given inside the brackets.parameters are the channel through which data flows  from call statement to function and vice versa.
Passing nothing and returning nothing:

      

         #include<iostream.h>
         #include<conio.h>
          class sample
           {

                        private:
                                   int age;
                        public:
                               /*Declaring the function*/
                                void getdata();
                                void showdata();
      };

      /*Defining the function outside the class*/
       void sample::getdata()
       {
                      cout<<"enter age";
                      cin>>age;
        }
         void sample::showdata()
         {
                    cout<<"age:"<<age;
          }        

                   void main()
                   {
                        /*object declaration*/
                          sample s;
                          /*calling function*/
                           s.getdata();
                            s.showdata();

             } 

Passing parameters and returning nothing:
      
#include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>
void sum(int x,int y) //Passing parameters
{
        int z;
        z=x+y;
        cout<"Addition is"<<z;
}
void main()
{
    int a,b;
    cout<<"enter two numbers";
    cin>>a,b;
    sum(a,b); //calling functions
}

Sample output:
enter two numbers
2 4
Addition is 6

Passing parameters and returning something:

#include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>
int sum(int a, int b) //passing parameters
{
     int c=a+b;
     return c;
}
void main()
{
    int a,b,c;
    int sum(int,int);
    cout<<"Enter two numbers";
    cin>>a>>b;
    c=sum(a,b); //calling function
    cout<<C;
}

Sample output:
Enter two numbers
4 6
10 

Oops with c++

Real time examples of major concepts with keyboard as an object:

Object:

• Consider a keyboard as an object.
• It can have all functionalities like inheritance,polymorphism and etc.,

Class:

class keyboard

{

               private:
                             int num;
               public: 

                 void getdata();

                           {
                                      cout<<"Enter the number of keys";
                                      cin>>num;
                           }
          }; 
In the above example, 

• The name of the class is "keyboard". 
• The data member is "num" and its data type is integer.
• The member function is "getdata" and is used to read the number of keys in the keyboard.

Inheritance:

• The process of inheriting a new class (derived) from an existing class (base class) is called inheritance.

Example:

class keyboard

{

                private:
                                int num;
                public:
                               void getdata()
                               {
                                     cout<<"Enter the number of keys";
                                }
         };

         /*Deriving a class "functional_keys" from the base class "keyboard"*/

         class functional_keys:public keyboard
         {
                private:
                             int num;
                public:
                             void getdata()
                              {
                                          cout<<" Enter the number of function keys";
                                          cin>>num;
                               }
           };

In the above example, keyboard is the base class and from the base class "functional_keys" is derived.The derived class inherits all the property of base class.

Polymorphism:

• The ability of an object to respond differently at different situations is called as polymorphism

Example:

    Consider a keyboard as an object, it can be used for different purpose at different situations.

For example, the user may have to type a business document where he may needs to use the alphabetical keys, punctuation keys and for some easy or quick access he may use the function keys.Here the characteristics of a single object is differed at different situations.Hence the characteristics of keyboard are:

• Alphabetical
• Punctuation
• Functional

Oops with c++

Methods and message passing:

Two or more objects can communicate with each other by sending and receiving messages.

Example:

 The above picture represents the process that is being done in a computer.The monitor,keyboard and cpu interacts with each other by sending some messages in machine level language.

The monitor receives the input by the keyboard through cpu and produces the result.This mechanism is an example for message and method passing.

Dynamic binding:

The process of linking up of procedure call to the code to be executed in response to that call is known as dynamic binding.

Overloading:

The process of providing different meaning to the same module is called overloading.In c++ overloading is achieved by polymorphism.

Generally, polymorphism is classified into two types:

• Static polymorphism or compile time polymorphism

1. Function overloading
2. Operator overloading

•  Run time polymorphism

1. Virtual functions

 Function overloading:

• The same function name having different type or number of arguments

Example:

void add(int,int);

void add(int,float);

void add(int,float,int);

void add(int, double);

In the above prototypes, void is the return type of the function and add is the name of the function and the arguments are listed in brackets

Operator overloading:

      The ability to create new meaning to an existing operator is called as operator overloading.

Tutorial on HTML

Using CSS:

With just HTML, inserting images and other things might be difficult and it can  be done only with coding.So to overcome this situation you may use CSS.You cantype it in notepad and save the file with the extension .css

What is CSS?

• CSS is nothing but cascading style sheet.
• A stylesheet can be created by using STYLE tag (i.e) <style>
• In  CSS we can have three type of selectors,which are :

1. Class selector
2. HTML selector
3.  ID selector

HTML selector:

• HTML selector can be created by removing the angular brackets (i..e) H1 instead of <H1>

Class selector:

• A selector that can be defined by the user is called class selector.(i.e) The user has the choice to use the name of his choice.A class selector should start with .

ID selector:

•  Using ID selector,the user can identify a particular name on a form and it is similar to class selector.ID selector should start with # (hash)

Example:

<style>

H1{color:blue}

.fontsize{Font-size:16}

#fonttype{Font-type:bold} 

</style>

Inserting Images:

Generally, there are two types of images GIF and JPEG. These two types of images can be inserted in CSS or html 


Sample code:

<img src="abc.gif">

The image tag doesn't has an end tag.So that you need not end the tag using </image> or something else.

Sample webpage code with image inserted:

<html> 

<head><center>Sample web page</center> 

<title>Testing web page</title> 

</head> 

<body> 

<font color="blue"><center><b>This is my first 
web page and i'm going to insert some image 
and change the background colour of my web 
page</center></b></font> 

<body bgcolor="green"> 

<center><img src="abc.jpg"></center> 

 </body> 

 </html>

Sample output:

Tutorial on HTML

Heading tags in HTML:

In HTML, you can differentiate the contents by using heading tags.If your want your title or your heading to be big you can specify the tag <H1>

Examples:

<H1>First heading</H1>
<H2>Second heading</H2>
<H3>Third heading</H3>
<H4>Fourth heading</H4>
<H5>Fifth heading</H5>
<H6>Sixth heading<H6>

List tags:
In your web page,if you wish to list an item such as some special features or any offers or any thing else you can use the list tags. The tag used to list an item <li>. But you can't use just <li>First one</li>

You have to specify the whether the list is ordered or unordered list using the tags <ol> <ul>. Th tag <ol> represents the ordered list whereas the tag <ul> represents the unordered list.When the list is specified as ordered list, it will use the numbering formatting for producing specified output. When the list is specified as unordered list it uses bulleting formatting. 

Examples:

<ol>

<li>First item</li>

<li>Second item</li>

<li>Third item<//li>

<li>Fourth item</li>

</ol>

<ul>

<li>One</li>

<li>Two</li>

<li>Three</li>

<li>Four</li>

</ul>

Formatting tags:

    Other than this heading tags and list tags one can use the formatting tags also.Formatting tags such as text alignment, font colour, background colour can be used.

Examples:

Some formatting tags are 
<b>
<i>
<u>
<center>
<left>
<right>
<marquee>

Examples:

<b>This content is in bold</b>
<i>The content is in italic</i>
<u>Underline the content</u>
<center>Align center</center>

For changing the font colour, attributes are used. To change the font colour, style attribute is used.

Example:

<h1 style ="color:blue">The heading is in red</h1>

 

 

 

 

 

Tutorial on HTML

Designing a web page can be made easy with HTML. To create and to code in HTML you need to know about a web page. As documents and files has some extensions like .doc and etc., a webpage also has an extension, .htm or.html. Using this extension you can clearly identify a webpage.

Where to HTML?

HTML can typed or coded in simple text editors like notepad or notepad++.

Download notepad

One advantage of HTML is that, it is not case sensitive.So that you can code at your ease.

Basic HTML tags:

<html>

<head>

<title>

<body>

<p>

<b>

<i>

<u>

<li>

The use and purpose of these tags will be discussed in later sessions.

Sample HTML code:

<html>

<head>

<title>MY FIRST WEB PAGE</title>

</head>

<body>

<p>This is my first web page and this is my first paragraph</p>

</body>

</html>

Sample output:

MY FIRST WEBPAGE

This is my first web page and this is my first paragraph

oops with c++

Data abstraction:

•  Data abstraction is the key feature of oops.It can also be known as data hiding.
• The process of representing the essential features of a class without including background details.
• Example:

                    class sample

                    {    

                             public:

                                          void fun();

                                          void welcome();

                     };

In the above example, the member functions fun() and welcome() has been declared. The definitions of those function is hidden. This is known as data hiding or data abstraction.

Data hiding or abstraction achieves in creating security of data.

Data encapsulation:

• The process of binding up of data and functions into a single entity.
• Real time example: pen.

Inheritance:

·         The process of creating  a new class from an existing class or an old class is known as inheritance.

·         (i.e),The new class can be derived from an existing class. 

·          The new class is called as derived class or child class and the existing class is called as base class or parent class.

·         This process of inheriting a class is also called as specialization. 

·         This achieves in reusability.

 

Syntax for derived class:

class der_class_name : visibility_mode base class_name

Example:

Class derived : public base

Where derived is the name of derived class and base is the name of the base class. when the class is declared and derived with the access specifier PUBLIC, it can be used anywhere in the program.

Polymorphism:

• The ability to respond differently to different objects or function
• Real time example:

               Consider a child as a object.A child has to act as a son/daughter in home,and student in school, and well wisher to the society.

              Thus,depending upon the situation or a place, the characteristics of a child changes, this property is known as polymorphism.

oops with c++

Oops is an acronym of Object Oriented Programmings.To understand oops,you must know about objects and all other concepts of oops, which is described below.

The major concepts of oops are:

• Objects and classes
• Data abstraction
• Data encapsulation
• Inheritance
• Polymorphism
• Methods and message passing
• Overloading
• Reusability

Objects:

• Object is generally defined as real time entity or run time entity.
• An object may be a name of a person,or a place,or any other things.
• Eg: Arthi, India, 2245601, etc..,

• Syntax:  class_name object name;
• Eg: sample s; where "sample" is the name of the class and s is our object.

Classes:

• Class is defined as an entity which data and functions together.
• It is similar to the concept of STRUCTURE in c language.
• Syntax:

            class  name_of_class

            {

                    private:

                                   variable decln;

                                   function decln;

                    protected:

                                    variable decln;

                                    function decln;

                    public:

                                   variable decln;

                                   function decln;

             };

• Example:

              class sample

              {

                    private:

                                  int a;

                    public:

                                 void welcome()

                                 {

                                      cout<<"welcome";

                                  }

               };

 The variables inside the class are called as data members whereas the functions inside the class is called as member functions

Revesre coding

Hi guys.... Hope u all know about reverse coding. This is just like reverse engineering. In case of revere coding, you will be given the output of a program, and you have to write the code in specified language.
So here is an output of a program.

Try to find the code for this program, either in c or c++ :) Post your code with explanations.