Functions:
Functions are generally the building blocks of a program.The starting point to any function is the main.A normal function can have three parts namely
<data_type><function_name><arguments>
Example:
void fun()
Declaration section:
Declaration section of a function is optional.(i.e)The user can declare the function in a class and define it in outside the class, or the user can directly define the function inside the class itself.
Example:
private:
int num;
public:
/* Declaration part*/
void getdata();
void showdata();
}
Definition section:
A function can be defined either inside or outside the class.when a function declared inside a class, it must defined using a scope resolution operator.This operator reveals the scope of a variable or a function.
Example 1:
private:
int age;
public:
void getdata()
{
cout<<"enter age":
cin>>data;
}
void showdata()
{
cout<<"AGE:"<<age;
}
};
Example 2:
class sample
{
private:
int age;
public:
/*Declaring the function*/
void getdata();
void showdata();
};
/*Defining the function outside the class*/
void sample::getdata()
{
cout<<"enter age";
cin>>age;
}
void sample::showdata()
{
cout<<"age:"<<age;
}
Calling functions:
When the function declared and defined,it must be called in main function,otherwise the function will not be executed.
Example:
{
/*object declaration*/
sample s;
/*calling function*/
s.getdata();
s.showdata();
}
Various types of functions:
Passing nothing and returning nothing:
#include<conio.h>
class sample
{
{
/*object declaration*/
sample s;
/*calling function*/
s.getdata();
s.showdata();
#include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>
void sum(int x,int y) //Passing parameters
{
int z;
z=x+y;
cout<"Addition is"<<z;
}
void main()
{
int a,b;
cout<<"enter two numbers";
cin>>a,b;
sum(a,b); //calling functions
}
Sample output:
enter two numbers
2 4
Addition is 6
Passing parameters and returning something:
#include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>
int sum(int a, int b) //passing parameters
{
int c=a+b;
return c;
}
void main()
{
int a,b,c;
int sum(int,int);
cout<<"Enter two numbers";
cin>>a>>b;
c=sum(a,b); //calling function
cout<<C;
}
Sample output:
Enter two numbers
4 6
10
Functions are generally the building blocks of a program.The starting point to any function is the main.A normal function can have three parts namely
- Declaration section
- Definition section
General syntax:
- Calling section
<data_type><function_name><arguments>
Example:
void fun()
Declaration section:
Declaration section of a function is optional.(i.e)The user can declare the function in a class and define it in outside the class, or the user can directly define the function inside the class itself.
Example:
class sample{
private:
int num;
public:
/* Declaration part*/
void getdata();
void showdata();
}
Definition section:
A function can be defined either inside or outside the class.when a function declared inside a class, it must defined using a scope resolution operator.This operator reveals the scope of a variable or a function.
Example 1:
class sample{
private:
int age;
public:
void getdata()
{
cout<<"enter age":
cin>>data;
}
void showdata()
{
cout<<"AGE:"<<age;
}
};
Example 2:
class sample
{
private:
int age;
public:
/*Declaring the function*/
void getdata();
void showdata();
};
/*Defining the function outside the class*/
void sample::getdata()
{
cout<<"enter age";
cin>>age;
}
void sample::showdata()
{
cout<<"age:"<<age;
}
Calling functions:
When the function declared and defined,it must be called in main function,otherwise the function will not be executed.
Example:
class samplevoid main()
{
private:
int age;
public:
/*Declaring the function*/
void getdata();
void showdata();
};
/*Defining the function outside the class*/
void sample::getdata()
{
cout<<"enter age";
cin>>age;
}
void sample::showdata()
{
cout<<"age:"<<age;
}
{
/*object declaration*/
sample s;
/*calling function*/
s.getdata();
s.showdata();
}
Various types of functions:
- Passing nothing and returning nothing
Parameters are something that is given inside the brackets.parameters are the channel through which data flows from call statement to function and vice versa.
- Passing parameters and returning nothing
- Passing parameters and returning something
Passing nothing and returning nothing:
#include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>
class sample
{
private:
int age;
public:
/*Declaring the function*/
void getdata();
void showdata();
};
/*Defining the function outside the class*/void main()
void sample::getdata()
{
cout<<"enter age";
cin>>age;
}
void sample::showdata()
{
cout<<"age:"<<age;
}
{
/*object declaration*/
sample s;
/*calling function*/
s.getdata();
s.showdata();
}Passing parameters and returning nothing:
#include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>
void sum(int x,int y) //Passing parameters
{
int z;
z=x+y;
cout<"Addition is"<<z;
}
void main()
{
int a,b;
cout<<"enter two numbers";
cin>>a,b;
sum(a,b); //calling functions
}
Sample output:
enter two numbers
2 4
Addition is 6
Passing parameters and returning something:
#include<iostream.h>
#include<conio.h>
int sum(int a, int b) //passing parameters
{
int c=a+b;
return c;
}
void main()
{
int a,b,c;
int sum(int,int);
cout<<"Enter two numbers";
cin>>a>>b;
c=sum(a,b); //calling function
cout<<C;
}
Sample output:
Enter two numbers
4 6
10
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